Gas burners

ABSTRACT

Multiport gas burners of simple form having impingement surfaces adjacent to the gas jets.

United States Patent Inventors James R. Richardson;

Elsinore M. Addis, 5900 Canal St.,

Houston, Tex. 77011 Appl. No. 787,460

Filed Dec. 27, 1968 Patented Mar. 16, 1971 GAS BURNERS 8 Claims, 7 Drawing Figs.

U.S. Cl 239/566, 239/567 Int. Cl B05b l/20 Field of Search 239/566,

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 6/1916 Parker 3/1939 Brumbaugh 2/1957 Ayers 10/1965 DiCorpo...

3/1966 Mincy 4/1969 Hancock et al FOREIGN PATENTS 2/ 1905 France 5/1953 Germany Primary ExaminerLloyd L. King Attorney-Carl B. Fox, Jr.

ABSTRACT: Multiport gas burners of simple impingement surfaces adjacent to the gas jets.

III

239/553 239/566X 239/566 239/587X 239/587X 239/566X form having PATENTED MAR] 6197! SHEET 2 BF 2 ATTORNEY GAS sunnisns A principal object of the invention is to provide gas burners which are of simplified form, and yet which will burn, ad-- justably, fuel gases of virtually any character, and with efficient combustion of the fuel. Another object of the invention is to provide such gas burner apparatus which is of compact form, is economical, and which is suitable for use in virtually any service.

Still another object of the invention is to provide gas burners of the character described which are useful in burning of fuel gases having corrosive properties.

In summary, the burners consist of a fuel gas conveying element, consisting of a perforated pipe or shaped element, through which fuel gas is delivered into the burner for combustion, and a burner element within which gas and air mixing occurs. The burner element includes surfaces against which the fuel gas is jetted, which causes adequate fuel-air mixing prior to combustion. The burners, in each form, include oversize air receiving chambers, across which the fuel gas is jetted, and complete combustion is obtained through use of the burners at almost any fuel input rate.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the detailed descriptions of the preferred embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings showing the preferred embodiments of the burners.

BRIEF DESCRIPTlONS OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an angular upper view, partly in cross section, showing a burner of preferred form according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a front elevational view, partly in cross section, showing the burner of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the burner shown in FlGS. l and 2.

FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken at line M of FIG. 2.

FR]. 5 is an upper perspective view showing a modified burner of preferred form according to the invention.

FIG, 6 is a vertical axial cross-sectional view taken at line 6-6 of FIG 5.

FIG. 7 is a partial view showing a modification of the burner Shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

DETAILED DESCRKPTIGN OF THE PREFERRED ElviBODll'vtENTS Referring first to FIGS. l-d, the fuel gas burner therein shown in preferred form includes, as the fuel delivery and feeding element, a section of pipe 10, the ends ll, 12 of which are threaded. Threaded pipe end lll has screwed thereon an internally threaded coupling 14%, while threaded end 12 has screwed thereon an internally threaded pipe cap 115. Other fittings may be employed at either or both ends of pipe ill.

The burner element 20, usually formed of cast iron, has integral end flanges 21, 22. Body portion 23 is relieved at its back at 24, between the burner element and flanges, in order to reduce its weight, and has therethrough a plurality of spaced sidc-by-side burner passages 25. The burners can be operated with passages 25 directed vertically horizontally, or angularly, except that proper operation is not obtained when passages 25 are directed vertically downwardly or at too steep a downward angle unless forced air feed is used. Ten burner passages are shown in the burner depicted in the drawings, but any desired number may be provided. The burner element is recessed at its lower side to form a space 27 within which pipe is disposed. Downwardly andforwardly extending walls .28 are provided between adjacent passages or openings 25, and extend to within a short distance from pipe It).

The passages 25 each are slightly enlarged upwardly. Air enters each passage 25 at its lower end, to be mixed with a jet of gaseous fuel introduced through one of the holes 29. A hole or orifice 29 is provided through the wall of pipe ll) centrally opposite each of the passages 25, and between the partition wall extensions 28 (between a partition and one of the flanges 21, 22 for the end passages 25).

Each end flange 21, 22, at its lower frontal portion, is formed as a yolre into which an end portion of pipe 10 is received. Pipe ll) is held in place by a pair of set screws 31, 32 each recieved into a tapped perforation downwardly through one of the upper yolte formations. The screws, as shown in the drawings strike an upper frontal portion of pipe 10 to hold the pipe firmly in place within each yoke. ret loosening of the screws 31, 32 enables rotation of pipe 10, so that the angular positions of the holes 29 may be adjusted, the orifices 29 being aligned in a straight line along pipe ill). Therefore, as best shown in MG. 4, the orifices 29' may be rotated downwardly or upwardly so that the gaseous fuel jets emitted therefrom are at any angle against the back wall surface 33 of each passage 25.

It has been found that for different fuels different angular positions of the holes or orifices 29 provide maximum combustion characteristics. Therefore, the burner is adapted for adjustment of the fuel gas jets depending on the fuel being consumed, so that optimum burning conditions may be achieved with any suitable gaseous fuel.

it will be apparent that a plurality of burners may be connected by manifold into a unit, so that any size of burner may be assembled by assembling individual burner units.

Referring now to FIGS. 5 through '7' of the drawings, the burner of preferred form therein shown is of circular configuration, instead of the straight line configuration of the burner of FlGS. lll.

The fuel gas feed element 40 has a lower interiorly threaded inlet socket 41. Above the. socket the element 40 is circularly enlarged and flared outwardly at wall 43, then converged inwardly at inclined cortical wall 54. The upper wall portion at is flat and horizontal, and has therethrough a tapped opening as. A plurality of circularly spaced orifices or holes 49 are provided through wall as of element 40 through which fuel gas is jetted outwardly for combustion,

The burner body $2 has a plurality of circularly arranged combustion passages 54. The passages 54 are circularly spaced about the body, one opposite each of the orifices d9 of element The passages are open at their upper outer sides at 55, i.e. the passage walls are absent at this location of each passage. The passages 5 are slightly inclined inwardly as is best shown in FIG. s. The lower ends of the passages 54 emerge from the outer portion of a circular chamber or space which surrounds the upper part of element 40 and provides a large air inlet space. Foot passage 40 is widened inwardly at A washer 523 having an upwardly and outwardly inclined conical flange 519 which overhangs the inwardly widened part 57 of each passage is secured by a bolt 61 received through an opening to through the center of the washer, the bolt till extending downwardly through axial passage 63 of body llody $2 is relieved at r35 and a pair of washers 66, 67 are disposed about bolt all within this space. A nut 69 is screwed onto the threads of bolt til and tightened, and element 4i) is screwed onto the bolt beyond nut 69.

As best shown in FIG. 5, inwardly narrowing walls 70 separate the burner passages 54/ Gaseous fuel is introduced by way of a pipe screwed into socket it, then out through holes 49 from which the fuel jets angularly upwardly and. outwardly against the outer sides of passages The jetting action draws air through chamber 56 to mix with the fuel, the impingement of the fuel against the outer passage wall causing superior fuel-air mixing. The fuelair mixture, of course, is ignited above the upper ends of the passages and burns with a satisfactory flame. The relatively large air intake chamber 56 insures that adequate combustion air is always present so that fuel combustion is efficient and virtually no fuel remains unconsumed. The fuel-air mixture formed upon striking of the fuel gas jet with the outer passage wall surface causes deflection of the fuel-air mixture angularly upwardly to against the outer surface of flange 59 of washer 5d.

Referring now to PEG. 7, the burner therein shown is identical with that shown in F568. 5-6, except that, instead of a washer 58, there is provided inverted bail-shaped element '74 which has a flat bottom wall 75 and an upwardly and outwardly flared wail 76 which reaches outwardly beyond the outer sides of the passages 54. A right angle notch 77 is provided at the outer periphery of element 7 5 at the juncture of wall 76 with wall 75. The fuel-air mixture deflected from the outer passages wall surfaces is received within the right angle notch which causes further deflection and mixing of the gas and air and then the mixture passes upwardly along the outer surface of wall 76 for combustion at that point or slightly above. The spreading of the gas-air mixture upwardly along the wall provides even more beneficial and thorough air-gas mixing so that an even more complete consumption of the fuel by combustion is achieved.

Element 74 is affixed to the burner body in the same manner as was described for washer 58, the bell shaped eiement 74 having therethrough at its center a hole 79 to receive the bolt 61.

In each form of the apparatus shown in the drawings, the sizes of the gas jet holes or orifices may be varied somewhat, sometimes dependent on the type of fuel gas to be burned in the burner, and sometimes dependent on the gas pressure to be used, although the burners will burn substantially any fuel gas at any usable pressure efficiently, even though careful orifice sizing is not provided. The oniy requirement for proper performance of the burners is that the orifices be properly sized such that the gas jets will somewhat forcibly reach the gas impingement surfaces angulariy facing the orifices and such that sufficient fuel gas will be delivered through the orifices to give sufficient heat output (BTUs) when the gas is burned. Quite wide variations in the orifice sizes may usually be tolerated while still achieving satisfactory burner performance. In a burner wherein pipe 10 is nominal one-half inch pipe, the holes 29 may, for example, be of the order of about one-sixteenth inch in diameter, more or less.

The burners are useful in both high pressure and low pressure applications, and perform suitably at virtually any gas pressure conditions.

The burners afforded by this invention have very superior performance. While burners of the same general character have been heretofore provided, the burners herewith presented are unique in that simple bored holes or perforations are'provided for the jetting of the fuel gas into the air-gas mixing portion of the apparatus. in earlier burners, it was deemed necessary that jet fittings be screwed into each gas jet location, and this necessitated the tapping of holes to receive the screwed-in jet fittings, and greatly increased the manufac turing cost of the burners. With the burners herein presented, simple drilling of a hole is all that is required to provide adequate jets, and it has been discovered that these serve equally as efficiently as the heretofore more cumbersome apparatuses. In addition, since the burner bodies are made primarily of cast iron, the burners are more effective and longer lasting when corrosive, acid-containing, gaseous fuels are used. Cast iron is highly resistant to these gases and en largemcnt of the jet holes and eventual failure of the burner clue to corrosion at the jet holes is largely eliminated.

The fuel-air mixing afforded by the burners of this invention is very superior. instead of depending on rapid gas flow to induce air introduction and mixture with the fuel gas, the gas is jetted against a surface opposite the jet hole whereby the gas is reflectively scattered to be thoroughly and adequately mixed with the incoming air, even at relatively low gas feed rates. Furthermore, the provision in each form of humor of oversize, large capacity air intake openings and chambers provide that air shortage is never experienced and substantially complete combustion is always achieved.

The burners, in both the straight bar form of FIGS. 1-4 and the circular forms of H65. 57, may be operated at fuel gas pressures at least from 4 ounces to 30 pounds per square inch,

or and with proper provisions therefor may be operated at fuel gas pressures up to pounds per square inch, or even higher. The burners burn with a roar," and create high speed air circulation through and around the burners, so that they are very effective in recirculating space heater installations. Adequate circulation is obtained without a fan or blower in most cases. When properly installed, no odors or poisonous fumes are created, since the burners maintain perfect fuel gasair mixtures and burn all of the fuel gas without waste, with a clear blue flame.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, many modifications thereof may be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended to protect by Letters Patent all forms of the invention falling within the scope of the following claims:

We claim:

1. Burner, comprising a fuel gas delivery element having a space for receiving fuel gas under pressure and having a plurality of orifice openings therefrom through which said fuel gas is emitted as a jet, and burner body means having the same plurality of burner passages therethrough as a number of said plurality of orifice openings, the fuel gas jet from each of said orifice openings being directed into the lower end of one of said burner passages to impinge angularly against a wall thereof angularly opposite but spaced from the said orifice opening, air inlet chamber means within said burner body means encompassing the outlet ends of said orifice openings and the lower ends of said burner passages whereby said fuel gas jets angularly traverse said air inlet chamber to impinge against the said angularly opposite wall of one of said burner passages, said fuel gas jet impingements against said angular opposite walls of said burner passages causing reflective fuel gas distribution and mixing with air entering through said air inlet chamber means whereby the fuel gas and air become intimately mixed for combustion above said burner.

2. The combination of claim 1, said orifice openings each being a cylindrically shaped bore through the wall of said gas delivery element.

3. The combination of claim 2, said fuel gas delivery element comprising a tubular pipe having said plurality of orifice openings spaced substantially equidistant apart therealong in an aligned row, said burner body means having said burner passages parallely disposed therethrough angularly disposed with respect to the directions of said orifice openings.

4. The combination of claim 3, said burner body means having a pair of yoke means opening transversely of said burner passages for receiving said tubular pipe and set screw means for fixing said tubular pipe in said yoke means with said orifice openings directed at any desired angle across said burner passages.

5. The combination of claim 2, said fuel gas delivery element comprising a hollow body of circular transverse cross sections having a conical annular wall portion having said plurality of orifice openings therethrough circularly spaced therearound, said burner body means having said burner passages circularly spaced therearound outwardly of said orifice openings and angularly disposed with respect to the directions of said orifice openings.

6. The combination of claim 5, including annular deflection means disposed angularly outwardly across the outlet ends of said burner passages from the inner sides thereof.

7. The combination of claim 6, said annular deflection means extending outwardly beyond the outer sides of said burner passages, said annular deflection means being of flared bell shape.

8. The combination of claim 1, said orifice openings each comprising a bored hole of circular cross section directed angularly toward the outer wall of one of said burner passages. 

1. Burner, comprising a fuel gas delivery element having a space for receiving fuel gas under pressure and having a plurality of orifice openings therefrom through which said fuel gas is emitted as a jet, and burner body means having the same plurality of burner passages therethrough as a number of said plurality of orifice openings, the fuel gas jet from each of said orifice openings being directed into the lower end of one of said burner passages to impinge angularly against a wall thereof angularly opposite but spaced from the said orifice opening, air inlet chamber means within said burner body means encompassing the outlet ends of said orifice openings and the lower ends of said burner passages whereby said fuel gas jets angularly traverse said air inlet chamber to impinge against the said angularly opposite wall of one of said burner passages, said fuel gas jet impingements against said angular opposite walls of said burner passages causing reflective fuel gas distribution and mixing with air entering through said air inlet chamber means whereby the fuel gas and air become intimately mixed for combustion above said burner.
 2. The combination of claim 1, said orifice openings each being a cylindrically shaped bore through the wall of said gas delivery element.
 3. The combination of claim 2, said fuel gas delivery element comprising a tubular pipe having said plurality of orifice openings spaced substantially equidistant apart therealong in an aligned row, said burner body means having said burner passages parallely disposed therethrough angularly disposed with respect to the directions of said orifice openings.
 4. The combination of claim 3, said burner body means having a pair of yoke means opening transversely of said burner passages for receiving said tubular pipe and set screw means for fixing said tubular pipe in said yoke means with said orifice openings directed at any desired angle across said burner passages.
 5. The combination of claim 2, said fuel gas delivery element comprising a hollow body of circular transverse cross sections having a conical annular wall portion having said plurality of orifice openings therethrouGh circularly spaced therearound, said burner body means having said burner passages circularly spaced therearound outwardly of said orifice openings and angularly disposed with respect to the directions of said orifice openings.
 6. The combination of claim 5, including annular deflection means disposed angularly outwardly across the outlet ends of said burner passages from the inner sides thereof.
 7. The combination of claim 6, said annular deflection means extending outwardly beyond the outer sides of said burner passages, said annular deflection means being of flared bell shape.
 8. The combination of claim 1, said orifice openings each comprising a bored hole of circular cross section directed angularly toward the outer wall of one of said burner passages. 